The word asthma originates from an ancient Greek word meaning panting. Essentially, asthma is an inability to breathe properly. When a person inhales, air passes through the lungs through progressively smaller airways called bronchioles. The lungs contain millions of bronquiosolos, all lead to the alveoli – microscopic sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Euna asthma chronic condition in which these airways undergo changes when stimulated by allergens or other environmental triggers that cause patients to cough, wheezing and shortness of breath (dyspnea).
Asthma appears to have two main stages.
First, the airways of people with asthma have an exaggerated or hyperreactive response to inhaled allergens or other irritants that cause them turmoil. The smooth muscles in the airways constrict, reducing excess. It should be noted that the airways in the lungs of everyone respond by narrowing when exposed to allergens or irritants, however, people without asthma can breathe deeply relaxing the airway, and releasing the lungs of the irritant. When people with asthma try to take those same deep breaths, the airway is not relax and the patients pant for breath. The smooth muscles in the airways of people with asthma may have a defect, perhaps the lack of a critical chemical that prevents the muscles relax.
This first stage is followed by a second inflammatory response in which the immune system responds to allergens or other environmental triggers downloading factors white blood cells and other immune factors to the airways, causing the airways to swell, fill with fluid and produce a thick sticky mucus. This combination of events leads to coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, inability to breathe properly and a cough that produces phlegm. Pulmonary inflammation appears to be present in all patients with asthma, even in mild cases, and plays a key role in all forms of the disease.
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